Conviction Nigerian juju Juju and oath systems Milan, Italy · 2019

Milan: voodoo 'mental dependency' slavery conviction

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Convicted

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The court found that Vodou threats created psychological dependency and fear that helped the trafficker maintain slavery-like control.

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Sources

ANSA (2019) 'Prostitute per riti voodoo, 3 condanne', ANSA.it, 20 June. Available at: ansa.it (Accessed: 14 July 2026).: In Milan, an Italian court convicted a Nigerian 'maman' of reducing victims to slavery, in a case backed by a court-ordered anthropological assessment establishing that the ritual creates genuine psychological dependency. Per ANSA: 'il rito voodoo, in sostanza, è in grado di creare uno stato di 'dipendenza mentale'.' [English: the voodoo ritual, in substance, is capable of creating a state of 'mental dependency'.]

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Source and tier basis: https://www.ansa.it/lombardia/notizie/2019/06/20/prostitute-per-riti-voodoo-3-condanne_501aee2f-b0ba-44ef-9ffa-4ff03f7c8f0e.html Legacy citation preserved without a normalized source tier or evidentiary-role code. SHA-256 7661feb8512a89507a66e17b54f739d6cb25012251343ba87e3dc706fb01de48
Retrieval: 2026-07-20 · Preserved; Bound by Fear automated source-preservation ledger

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